Toshiba Laptop Service Repair Precautions:

Avoid metal surface:

Avoid static discharge by grounding yourself using a wrist grounding strap or by touching a bare metal surface like a connector on the back of the laptop and remove all of the power including the battery and power adapter.

Back up all data:

Make sure all data is backed up before removing or replacing your hard drive. Laptop hard drives are very sensitive and can be damaged easily. Handle with care.

Maximum avoid your own repairs:

Performing your own repairs may void you warranty!

Be careful with BIOS:

 Part installations may require BIOs updates.

Replace thermal compound on CPU:

After removing or replacing the CPU or heat-sink make sure to replace thermal compound or thermal pads on the CPU and heat-sink.

Install all screws:

After replacing the heatsink make sure to tighten the heatsink screws in the order listed on the heatsink.

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Laptop Maintenance Tips

5 tips for maintaining laptop regularly.

1. Treat Your Laptop With Care
2. Regularly Clean Your Laptop Hardware
3. Keep The Operating System Snappy
4. Run Regular Software & Operating System Updates
5. Upgrade Your Laptop Hardware

Treat Your Laptop With Care.

Laptops can be delicate. I should know; not very far in the past I broke my workstation screen (and settled it). Other than this tragic mishap, I have had my fair share of worn out keyboards, broken power supplies, and failed hard drives. Most segments can be effectively supplanted, however something like a broken hard drive, with all your valuable records on it, is an entire distinctive story.Some wear and tear can be avoided simply by handling your hardware with care. Next to the display, the hard drive is the most fragile part of your laptop. move your laptop gently and try not to move it when the hard drive is performing intensive operations. Your hardware will thank you and last longer.

Regularly Clean Your Laptop Hardware.

Computers are dirt magnets. Laptop fans seem to accumulate dust better than any vacuum cleaner what's more, obviously consoles are dirtier than can seats. So what do you do? You should give your PC's equipment a careful cleaning now and then!Cleaning your computer hardware is not just a matter of hygiene. Especially when it comes to internal fans and heat sinks, it also prevents your laptop from overheating. Keeping the hardware cool significantly increases its lifespan.

Keep The Operating System Snappy.

The most widely recognized objection about old PCs is that they are moderate. This is just somewhat identified with age and more probable because of awful upkeep.or — as Apple fans will attest to — poor operating system and software design. Fortunately, you can speed up an old installation of Windows and with a few tricks, you can prevent a fresh installation from going stale too quickly.A lean operating system that responds quickly and doesn’t get in the way of you trying to get work done can go a long way. You won’t worry about the age of your laptop at all.

Run Regular Software & Operating System Updates.

No working framework or program is immaculate. Be that as it may, with each overhaul, issues get fixed and new highlights are included. That is the reason you have to run Windows refreshes and furthermore ensure your introduced programming is forward.The latter is not so easy because few software updater support every program available. Aaron recently reviewed OUTDATE fighter, which can handle both Windows and software updates for you.

Upgrade Your Laptop Hardware.

To a great many people, overhauling workstation equipment sounds inconceivable. Be that as it may, it's not all that hard to introduce a greater hard drive — or even better a strong state drive (SSD) – , include more RAM, or even put in another presentation.When you can pinpoint the correct part that is backing you off, odds are there is a less demanding and less expensive fix than purchasing another PC. Here is a little PC investigating manual for kick you off.

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Troubleshooting Laptop Hard Drive Failure-2

Do you get as far as the Windows starting screen? .

Does the working framework stack get the extent that the sprinkle screen, which will be the Windows hail on generally PCs. On the off chance that it doesn, chances are that your drive is to a great extent unblemished and the information ought to be recoverable regardless of whether you can't return to your past working state with the devices you have accessible.If the splash screen does show and hard drive contains essential information that hasn't been backed up and that you would value in the thousands of dollars (or more), it's a good time to consider calling in a professional for data recovery.While the issue may not turn out to be not kidding, your endeavors to recover the PC to a bootable state may finish up making the information recuperation work more earnestly, increasingly costly, or even outlandish.

Will Windows boot in Safe Mode?.

On the off chance that the PC will boot up in Safe Mode, it's typically fit as a fiddle yet is having an issue with an as of late introduced (or as of late defiled) bit of programming or gadget driver. In the event that the boot failure has happened following introducing another program or fringe and restarting, the initial step is to uninstall the product that was simply introduced, or disengage the new fringe and expel the driver before endeavoring to reboot.In some instances, simply starting in Safe Mode will allow Windows to recover it's equilibrium and the system will boot normally as soon as you shut down properly and restart.

Does the operating system partition manager on the distribution CD see see the hard drive? .

Every working framework dispatch with a parcel supervisor on the circle, regardless of whether it's the old FDISK. Some new hard drives sold in retail bundles likewise dispatch with maker gave parceling programming. In the event that whatever parcel director programming you have doesn't see the hard drive, it's either an equipment failure or the MBR has been cleared out.Before you do anything else, try reseating the hard drive in the laptop. If that doesn't work, if you have the parts, try mounting the drive in a 3.5" kit with a standard IDE or SATA connector that will allow you to try to read and recover the data in a desktop PC. If all else fails and you don't care about recovering the data, you can try running the factory formatter at this point if they provide one on their website, but it will destroy all data on the drive.

Does your virus rescue disc work?.

In the event that you introduced infection insurance programming or a full security suite on the PC, you were most likely give the choice to make a protect CD (save floppies vacated the premises with floppy drives:- ) If you made a safeguard CD, this is a decent time to attempt it.In the event that the protect CD reestablishes your working framework to a bootable condition, it may be the case that you had programmed refreshes killed and you've been running without-of-date infection definitions. It could likewise simply be demonstrative of document debasement caused by different reasons.

Will the laptop boot a Windows DVD?.

On the off chance that you can boot the working framework circle that the note pad was sold with (accepting they gave a plate), you can take a stab at completing a fix establishment, which should leave your document framework and your information flawless. On the off chance that the fix establishment works, the issue was document defilement, or coincidental erasure of fundamental records. On the off chance that the fix establishment falls flat, you can endeavor to exit to the order provoke and duplicate off any vital information.Booting the OS CD with a jump drive in the USB port may get you command prompt access to the jump drive. If you don't need the data or programs on the drive or you have them backed up, you can try the nuke and pave option, either telling the OS to do a new installation or using the partition manager to delete the primary partition and then letting the OS disc do it's thing on the next boot. This will result in wiping out all data and any programs you installed.
In the event that you can't get the OS circle to boot, take a stab at changing the boot arrange with the goal that the D: drive is the primary boot gadget. In the event that that doesn't work, ensure you have a decent boot CD or DVD by attempting it in another PC, or getting one that works in another PC. Try not to accept that the circle that delivered with your workstation is bootable or great, regardless of whether it's in the first bundling and you never utilized it.Some manufacturer rescue discs require you turn on the laptop with a particular key held down, or hit a key combination when the screen lights up. You'll have to check the Internet for you particular model to see if this is necessary, though instruction are often written on the envelope the disc is packed in. If you can't get an OS to boot in the CD/DVD drive no matter what you try, the drive may be bad or you could have a board level controller failure affecting both drives. See the troubleshooting for CD/DVD failure.

Can you hear any fan or drive sounds?.

In the event that you don't hear anything at all when you endeavor to turn the PC on, no little LED's light up, the issue more likely than not isn't identified with the hard drive. So on the off chance that you don't have a live screen, begin with the LCD investigating flowchart, and in the event that you don't have any action whatsoever,start with the power troubleshooting flowchart. Even if the hard drive has failed at the electro/mechanical level and won't spin up, this wont prevent the LED's on the laptop from lighting up, or the LCD from displaying the BIOS information and complaining about the lack of a boot device.

Do you hear tin can rattle or clunking noises? .

If your laptop computer hard drive develops new noises over time, if it sounds like a motor in a tin can or starts making frequent clunking noises, it may be a sign of impending failure.In the event that you have vital information, you should begin backing up more much of the time, and on the off chance that you utilize the PC for basic work and need to limit its odds falling flat when you most need it, you can supplant the hard drive now. Be that as it may, hard drive clamor can continue for quite a long time and years, I'm certain more individuals discard working PCs with uproarious hard pushes than discard workstations because of hard drive failure.

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Troubleshooting Laptop Hard Drive Failure-1

There are different kind of hard disk problems you may experience. First, if Hard Disk Sentinel shows suggestions about improving the situation (for example by changing/improving the data and power cables and connections, verify power supply, improve cooling) it is recommended to do it prior any further steps.

Troubleshooting laptop hard drive failures begins with eliminating non-hard drive issues. 

Many consumers and office workers have taken to referring to the body of any computer or laptop as a "hard drive". If your LCD screen won't light up, the problem almost certainly isn't related to the hard drive.Does Windows or whatever working framework you are utilizing boot? Does the workstation start up regularly, get all of you the route to the work area? On the off chance that the OS boots, except if you are managing a clamor issue, the issue you're having is either programming related or an aggregation of blunders on the drive.If you're getting very flaky errors, having difficulty when connected to the Internet, are seeing large scale file corruption or data loss, the problem is more likely due to malware (bad software such as a computer virus, spyware, trojans) than electronic or mechanical failure. However, if the operating system disk maintenance software, such as ScanDisk, is reporting errors every time you run it, if you see text messages about "write failures" or if successive surface scans report a large number of errors, your hard drive is actually failing. If you believe the hard drive is failing, back-up all of the data that can be read and replace the drive.

Will the laptop boot with AC power adapter attached?:

On the off chance that the workstation boots up with the AC control connector connected, the issue is with the battery, not the hard drive. Continue to the battery investigating flowchart. In the event that you see the hard drive execution appears to debase seriously when you are running on battery control, it implies the power the executives is killing the hard drive after excessively shy of a postponement on no action, presumably one moment or two. You can change the power the board setting to expand the close down deferral for the hard drive or to guarantee the hard drive remains spun up as long as the workstation is turned on.

Does the laptop boot if you remove all external connections?:

In the event that you have any outside gadgets connected to your scratch pad, printers, cameras, PC Cards (the substitution for PCMCIA cards), outer consoles or mice, arrange links, screens, unplug them all. In the event that the workstation is sitting in a docking station, expel it. In the event that the workstation boots when the majority of the outside associations are evacuated, the issue isn't the hard drive, it's a flawed outer gadget or flag. You can figure out which gadget is keeping the OS from booting by procedure of disposal. The issue isn't really an equipment failure, it could be the driver for that gadget is so hostile or defiled that it's slowing down the boot procedure when called to deal with it's customer.

Does the hard drive register in CMOS Setup?:

Does the laptop BIOS see that a hard drive is installed and correctly identify it? If the BIOS doesn't register the hard drive, either the hard drive has failed, the connector has failed or come undone, or you have a board level problem.Try not to considerably consider overhauling the BIOS if the hard drive doesn't appear except if it's a substitution drive and the past hard drive registered, however is being supplanted in light of the fact that it was excessively little, mistake inclined or boisterous. The first hard drive ought to dependably be perceived by the current BIOS if the equipment is in working condition and the connector hasn't come unraveled. On the off chance that re seating the hard drive settles the issue, ensure that it isn't feeling the loss of a hold down screw.

Does reseating the hard drive in the bay fix the problem?:

PC phone drives are generally associated with the workstation through a solitary long connector that conveys the two flags and power, regardless of whether parallel IDE or sequential ATA (SATA). In the event that that connector turns out to be free, if the drive moves and comes somewhat out of the connector toward one side, it will quit working.This is a rare problem because the hard drive is mounted in a little frame that is secured to the laptop body with a screw. But if the hard drive has been replaced at some point and the screw was left out, or if some hack left the entire frame out, it can happen. Else, you most likely have a certifiable equipment failure, with either the drive itself, the connector, or the primary leading body of the PC, which gave the power and controls the hard drive. The best and best way to test this is to either make a decent attempt drive in the PC or to make a decent attempt drive in another PC. Accepting you don't have an extra workstation hard drive around and you have information on the current hard drive that you'd like to recoup, the best advance is to by a modest 2.5" drive outer USB nook. USB fenced in areas are sold as either ATA (IDE) or SATA, so purchase the one that coordinates your hard drive innovation. On the off chance that the drive is great, this will enable you to control it up and read the information off on any PC with a cutting edge USB port.

Is there "No Operating System" message? :

On the off chance that the BIOS reports "OS not found" amid the boot procedure and you just introduced a fresh out of the plastic new hard drive, it just methods despite everything you need to introduce the working framework. Next check the boot arrange in the BIOS, ensure the C: is the primary boot gadget. Else, you could have an equipment failure , yet almost certainly, the working framework has been debased. While record debasement can happen for non-deadly reasons, for example, glitches amid overheating or vibration and stun, the main source is most likely PC infections or administrator blunder, composing over or erasing required framework documents. On the off chance that you have a save circle created by your infection security programming, have a go at running it, after which you can have a go at booting the OS CD/DVD (Microsoft Windows boot plates choices) and attempting a fix establishment.

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How to fix laptop hardware problems-1

How to fix cracked laptop case.

When laptops get dropped, more often than not they land on the corner, one of the weakest parts of the case. Unless you have a ruggedized notebook, there’s a good chance that after an encounter with gravity, the corner will be cracked or—as was the case with my laptop—broken through completely.
The secret is to use epoxy putty to fill in the broken part of the case. Epoxy putty is available online or at any hardware store for around $4 to $6 a tube, so you can even do this repair on the road. The brand of putty you choose doesn’t matter, but avoid the quick-setting variety because it might harden before you’re done.
First, make sure the damaged area is clean and free of dirt and loose pieces.At that point it's an ideal opportunity to set up the putty. It comes as a chamber with two parts folded over one another. Simply cut an area off and curve the parts together.The key to a smooth case repair is to mix the two components together thoroughly in your hands. Because the putty hardens as the result of a chemical reaction between the two parts, it’s important that they are completely blended together. You should need to utilize gloves for this part, since a few people are delicate to the synthetic compounds in the putty.
Take a stab at folding the putty into a long chamber and after that collapsing it over itself a few times. Following a couple of minutes, the putty turns into a uniform white or dim, and you're prepared.You'll feel like a child working with Play-Doh, and truth be told, the putty ought to be the consistency of Play-Doh, which is ideal for working it into the harmed zone..
Press it immovably into the gap for the situation and utilize your finger or an extremely sharp steel to shape it to pursue the form of the case. When it covers the territory, take the level side of a disposable cutter or back of a ruler and pack the external surface to smooth it. Any overabundance putty can be cleared no longer working on this issue with paper towel before it dries.
When you like the way it looks, go do something else for an hour or two until the epoxy is cured. When it has hardened, the epoxy patch is just as strong as the plastic case.Naturally, the color doesn’t match. If it’s a small repair, try using a Sharpie marker to cover it up. For this repair, I used model airplane enamel paint, which costs about $5 for a small bottle (a full set of colors with brushes is $10). When it’s dry, the repair is done and visible only if you look closely.

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Repairing a Laptop Battery

Most laptop batteries are smart and consist of the “chemical battery” that is managed by the “digital battery.” A common protocol is the System Management Bus, better known as SMBus.The normal SMBus battery has at least five battery associations comprising of positive and negative battery terminals, thermistor, clock and information. The associations are regularly plain; be that as it may, the positive and negative are normally situated at the external edges of the connector and the inward contacts oblige the clock and information. For safety reasons, a separate thermistor wire is brought to the outside. Figure 1 illustrates a battery with six connectionsT.

Terminal connection of a typical laptop battery.

The positive and negative terminals are usually placed on the outside; no norm exists on the arrangement of the other contacts.A few batteries are outfitted with a solid- state switch that is typically in the "off" position and no voltage is available at the battery terminals. Associating the change terminal to ground or pulling it up frequently turns the battery on. On the off chance that this does not work, the pack may require a code for actuation. Battery producers keep these exclusive codes a very much protected mystery to which even administration staff have no entrance.Use a voltmeter to locate the positive and negative battery terminals and establish the polarity. If no voltage is present, a solid-state switch may be in the “off” position and needs activating. Connect the voltmeter to the outer terminals, take a 100-Ohm resistor (other values may also work), tie one end to ground and with the other end touch each terminal while observing the voltmeter.Rehash by binds the resistor to a positive voltage potential. In the event that there is no reaction, it is conceivable that the battery is dead or bolted by a code. The 100-Ohm resistor is low enough to draw in an advanced circuit and sufficiently high to secure the battery against a conceivable electrical short.

Setting up the association with the battery terminals should now empower charging. In the event that the charge current stops following 30 seconds, an initiation code might be required.Some battery manufacturers add an end-of-battery-life switch that turns the battery off when reaching a certain age or cycle count

Protect battery from overheating.

If at all possible, connect the thermistor during charging and discharging to protect the battery against possible overheating.Use an ohmmeter to locate the internal thermistor. The most common thermistors are 10 Kilo Ohm NTC, which reads 10kΩ at 20C (68F). NTC stands for negative temperature coefficient, meaning that the resistance decreases with rising temperature. In comparison, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) causes the resistance to increase.Warming the battery with your hand is sufficient to detect a small change in resistor value when looking for the correct terminal on the battery.
The circuits of some smart batteries must be kept "alive" amid the substitution of the cells. Disengaging the voltage for just a small amount of a second can delete fundamental information in the memory.A relationship is open-heart medical procedure where specialists must keep all organs of the patient alive. The lost information could contain the resistor estimation of the digitized shunt that is in charge of the coulomb counter and other information.

Protect battery from high voltage .

To guarantee proceeded with task while changing the cells, supply an auxiliary voltage of same voltage level through a 100-Ohm resistor to the circuit before detachment.Remove the outside supply only after the circuit receives voltage again from the new cells. Furthermore, some fuel gauge chips run wires to each cell. These must be reassembled in the correct sequence beginning with cell one, then two, three and so forth.
You will likewise should know about consistence issues. In contrast to other directed models, the SMBus permits varieties and this can cause issues. The fixed SMBus battery ought to be checked for similarity with the charger. Batteries for basic uses, for example, heathcare, are regu

larly supplanted and not fixed.

Simple Guidelines when Repairing Battery Packs.

1. Only connect cells that are matched in capacity. Do not mix cells of different chemistries.
2. Never charge or discharge Li-ion batteries unattended without a working protection circuit. Each cell must be monitored individually with a protection circuit.
3. Include a temperature sensor that disrupts the charge current on high heat.
4. Apply a slow charge to a repaired pack to bring all cells to parity.
5. Pay attention when using an unknown brand. Elevated temperature hints to an anomaly.
6. Li-ion is sensitive to reverse polarization. Observe correct polarity.
7. Do not charge a Li-ion battery that has physical damage, has bulged or has dwelled at a voltage of less than 1.5V/cell for some time.
8. Check a repaired pack for self-discharge. Intrinsic defects often have high self-discharge.

If you are seeking for a Laptop Service center in Chennai , then Toshiba laptop service center should be the first and the foremost option.

—We are named as the best data recovery center in Chennai for providing the recovery services .Toshiba laptop service in Chennai is already having an eminent name in Chennai for providing the best recovery services.

We have 8 branches for you. We offer both online and physical service along with the flexible timings so as to ease the things for you. 

Motherboard and it's functions.

What Is a Motherboard?
A motherboard is a circuit board with various components that work in unison to make a computer function.
Motherboard-what-is
We’ve established that a motherboard is the headquarters of a large corporation. But surely, the headquarters is not the only vital aspect to making a company successful. Just like there are different branches of a company, a motherboard has different parts within it that work together to transmit data to each other.
Form Factor.
The form factor is basically how a motherboard is formed, or how it physically looks regarding its specifications (namely size, shape, and layout).Take McDonald’s for instance. While all McDonald’s restaurants operate the same way, some are set up differently. Some have play centers, fancy self-ordering touch screens, and unbroken ice cream machines.
Motherboard-form-factor.
It’s the same with form factors. While all motherboards operate the same way, different models have different kinds of ports, dimensions, and mounting holes. Popular form factors include:

• ATX: The prom queen of form factors, the ATX is a popular choice and features large dimensions (most being 12 x 9.6 inches)
• microATX: A smaller version of the standard ATX with fewer parameters
• Mini-ATX: Smaller than the micro version, these are designed for mobile CPUs
• Mini-ITX: Smaller than an ATX board (6.7 x 6.7 inches), the mini-ITX form factors are quiet and don’t use a lot of power
• Nano-ITX: In between a Pico and Mini-ITX, this works well with thin devices
• Pico-ITX: Really tiny with a 3.9 x 2.8 in. dimension size and holds up to 1 GB
• Other discontinued form factors include BTX, LPX, and NLX.

Chipset
The chipset allows data to flow between various components, namely the CPU, peripherals, ATA drives, graphics, and memory.
It can be divided into these two categories:

• Northbridge: Located on the “north” side of a chipset, it “bridges” together the following components: CPU, RAM, and PCIe
• Southbridge: Located on the “south” side of a chipset, it “bridges” together the following components: BIOS, USB, SATA, and PCI
• Think of a chipset like the CEO of a large company, with the Northbridge and Southbridge acting as the CFO and COO.

In business these three C’s (or the C-Suite) work together within the headquarters of a company to delegate tasks to their subordinates. In the case of motherboards, the C-Suite is comprised of the big bosses that make sure information is flowing between the subordinates (like the BIOS, CPU, RAM, etc.).
CPU Socket.
This is basically a little habitat for the CPU to rest in. A CPU is a small square with a bunch of pins and connectors underneath it that help to interpret and transmit data carried out by the northbridge part of a chipset.
Motherboard-cpu.
Think of the CPU like the overachieving office assistant to a CFO/COO. The office assistant resides in its own cubicle (or in this case, the CPU socket) to execute various kinds of tasks.
It’s like a CFO/COO telling an office assistant to schedule meetings, make phone calls, and go on coffee runs. The office assistant, or CPU, carries out these kinds of tasks (but in a more mathematical kind of way, as the CPU reads input and output instructions).
Having a high-quality CPU (and office assistant for the matter) is important to the overall speed and efficiency of a computer.
Slots.

• Think of slots like different branches/departments of a company.
• Most companies have departments for things like marketing, human resources, accounting, research, etc.

Motherboard-slots.
Slots are like these kinds of departments for a motherboard, with branches like:

• Memory/DIMM Slots: Used for holding memory/RAM
• PCI: Connects expansion cards like video, network, and sound cards
• PCIe: A modern version of PCI but with a different interface that can work with almost any kind of expansion card
• USB: Used for USB connectors like flash drives, although not very common
• SATA: Used for optical/hard disk/solid-state drives

Data Bus.
All of the components mentioned above would not work in unison without the necessary data buses that connect everything together.Think of data buses as a form of communication.So in a large company, if the CFO/COO wants to tell an office assistant what to do, how would they go about it? Email? Phone? An in-person conversation? It doesn’t matter as long as there is some form of communication going on.
Motherboard-data-bus1.
It’s the same idea with a motherboard. All of the components transmit data to one another through data buses.
 How It All Works..

• When you turn your computer on, power is sent from the power supply on to the motherboard.
• Data is transferred via data buses and goes through the northbridge and southbridge part of the chipset.
• The northbridge part connects information to the CPU, RAM, and PCIe. 
• The RAM starts to send contributions to the CPU, which "translates" these activities as a yield. Information to the PCIe is then exchanged to an extension card, contingent upon which type you have. 

The southbridge part connects information to the BIOS, USB, SATA, and PCI. Signs to the BIOS enable your PC to boot up, while information to the SATA "stirs" your optical, hard circle, and strong state drives. Information from the SATA is utilized to control up your video, system, and sound cards.
In short, a motherboard serves as the headquarters of a computer which transmits data via data buses. These data buses go through the northbridge and southbridge parts of a chipset, which then venture off into other components like the CPU, RAM, PCI, PCIe, etc.

If you are seeking for a Laptop Service center in Chennai , then Toshiba laptop service center should be the first and the foremost option.

—We are named as the best data recovery center in Chennai for providing the recovery services .Toshiba laptop service in Chennai is already having an eminent name in Chennai for providing the best recovery services.

We have 8 branches for you. We offer both online and physical service along with the flexible timings so as to ease the things for you. 

Overview of Motherboard

A motherboard is a circuit board with various components that work in unison to make a computer function. We've set up that a motherboard is the home office of a substantial company. Be that as it may, without a doubt, the central command isn't the main crucial viewpoint to making an organization effective. Much the same as there are diverse parts of an organization, a motherboard includes distinctive parts inside it that cooperate to transmit information to one another.

Form Factor.

The form factor is basically how a motherboard is formed, or how it physically looks regarding its specifications (namely size, shape, and layout).Take McDonald’s for instance. While all McDonald’s restaurants operate the same way, some are set up differently. Some have play centers, fancy self-ordering touch screens, and unbroken ice cream machines.It's the equivalent with frame factors. While all motherboards work a similar way, unique models have various types of ports, measurements, and mounting openings. Prevalent frame factors include.

Chip-set.

The chipset allows data to flow between various components, namely the CPU, peripherals, ATA drives, graphics, and memory.
It can be divided into these categories:

1. Northbridge: Located on the “north” side of a chipset, it “bridges” together the following components: CPU, RAM, and PCIe
2. Southbridge: Located on the “south” side of a chipset, it “bridges” together the following components: BIOS, USB, SATA, and PCI
3. Think of a chipset like the CEO of a large company, with the Northbridge and Southbridge acting as the CFO and COO.
4. In business these three C’s (or the C-Suite) work together within the headquarters of a company to delegate tasks to their subordinates. 
5. In the case of motherboards, the C-Suite is comprised of the big bosses that make sure information is flowing between the subordinates (like the BIOS, CPU, RAM, etc.).

CPU Socket.

1. This is fundamentally a little natural surroundings for the CPU to rest in. A CPU is a little square with a group of pins and connectors underneath it that assistance to decipher and transmit information completed by the northbridge part of a chipset. Think of the CPU like the overachieving office assistant to a CFO/COO. The office assistant resides in its own cubicle (or in this case, the CPU socket) to execute various kinds of tasks.
2. It’s like a CFO/COO telling an office assistant to schedule meetings, make phone calls, and go on coffee runs. The office assistant, or CPU, carries out these kinds of tasks (but in a more mathematical kind of way, as the CPU reads input and output instructions).Having a high-quality CPU (and office assistant for the matter) is important to the overall speed and efficiency of a computer.

Slots.

 Think of slots like different branches/departments of a company.Most companies have departments for things like marketing, human resources, accounting, research.
Slots are like these kinds of departments for a motherboard, with branches like:

1. Memory/DIMM Slots: Used for holding memory/RAM
2. PCI: Connects expansion cards like video, network, and sound cards
3. PCIe: A modern version of PCI but with a different interface that can work with almost any kind of expansion card
4. USB: Used for USB connectors like flash drives, although not very common
5. SATA: Used for optical/hard disk/solid-state drives.

Data Bus.
All of the components mentioned above would not work in unison without the necessary data buses that connect everything together.
Think of data buses as a form of communication.

1. So in a large company, if the CFO/COO wants to tell an office assistant what to do, how would they go about it? Email? Phone? An in-person conversation? It doesn’t matter as long as there is some form of communication going You have probably heard of a motherboard and know what one is, but do you really know how it works?
2. Think of a motherboard as the headquarters of a large company. Without the headquarters, who is supposed to delegate tasks to the remaining employees? And that’s exactly what the motherboard is for. It is the central hub of a computer that connects everything together.

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Laptop and hardware repair service

Repairing the hard drive.
On the off chance that your workstation won't boot up or crashes always, you may need to reseat or even supplant a portion of your RAM. We'll run a totally free indicative and swap defective RAM for you.When this happens, we’ll do our best to restore your data. We’ll also replace your hard drive for you, making sure we set you up with hardware which is reliable and sufficient for your storage needs.
Installing a new optical drive.
DVD and CD drives are marginally "old tech", yet they're still unimaginably helpful bits of equipment and many individuals rely upon them to get to chronicled information or essentially to watch a film in their downtime.If your DVD or CD drive is no longer working, we can remove it from your laptop and install a new one for you.
Upgrade your RAM.
If you multitask, use word processors, play 3D games, or do graphic design, you may find your laptop would run a whole lot better with a RAM upgrade.   We can talk with you about your computing needs and set you up with an upgrade which gives you the best bang for your buck.On the off chance that your workstation won't boot up or crashes always, you may need to reseat or even supplant a portion of your RAM. We'll run a totally free indicative and swap defective RAM for you.
Replacing the keyboard.
One of the most common problems we see with laptops is damaged keyboards. We take our laptops everywhere, so it’s easy for a keyboard to be damaged by drops and spills.Don’t put up with a keyboard that’s frustrating you! We can fix individual keys or whole keyboards so that they are working as good as new.When the old keyboard is removed, we can install the new one by reversing all of the previous steps.
 Fixing overheating problems
On the off chance that your PC is making signaling clamors, if the fan is continually working or if it's just closing off suddenly, you might manage an overheating issue.We can investigate your PC's innards, settling each part of its warmth the board framework, from residue and hide stopped up hardware, to harmed fans, to insufficient warm gel over the CPU.
Fixing display issues.
At the point when a screen breaks, a considerable lot of our clients expect that they'll have no real option except to buy another workstation. This isn't the situation by any means! On the off chance that your PC screen is broken, or in case you're seeing that it's step by step blurring or inspiring excessively dim to easily utilize, we can play out a LCD screen trade for you.We can run a free diagnostic on your laptop if the cause of your screen issue is unclear and we’ll give you solid advice on what you need to repair it. If you do need the LCD screen to be replaced it will still cost a fraction of the cost of a full laptop replacement.

Replacing the DC power jack.
 If your laptop won’t power on at all, it could be something as simple as a broken power cord or power switch. It could also be something more elaborate and complicated, such as faulty RAM or a faulty motherboard.We’ll run a full diagnostic to isolate the cause of your problem and find the least expensive and most practical solution for you.

If you are seeking for a Laptop Service center in Chennai , then Toshiba laptop service center should be the first and the foremost option.

—We are named as the best data recovery center in Chennai for providing the recovery services .Toshiba laptop service in Chennai is already having an eminent name in Chennai for providing the best recovery services.

We have 8 branches for you. We offer both online and physical service along with the flexible timings so as to ease the things for you. 

Recovering lost data in Windows.

You’ve accidentally deleted or lost a file. Here’s how you can recover it…

This can be the most irritating sort of information misfortune, just on the grounds that the document has more often than not been erased as a result of client mistake. The imperative thing here, likewise with any sort of information recuperation, is to resist the urge to panic, and consider what you're doing. Act imprudently and you make it harder to recuperate that document.The primary spot you should care for erasing a document is the Recycle Bin.

It might appear somewhat self-evident, however this back-up office can be neglected. In the event that your document is in there, right-click it and select Restore from the menu.Obviously, the Recycle Bin doesn't get each document erasure, with records that have been erased in DOS being a specific oversight. There are utilities that will cover this deficiency, yet on the off chance that you're in DOS, just realizing that an erasure could be lasting ought to have you in the correct attitude.

The Restoration.

An option you have at your disposal is to use an Undelete utility. To understand how these work, it helps if you have a little background knowledge of what happens when you delete a file. Windows stores file data in clusters, with the size of those clusters being determined by the type of file allocation table (FAT) you’ve set up to use. The FAT stores the links between clusters, which when connected together, make up each file. Some of the most basic file errors occur when this file becomes corrupt, and simple utilities such as ScanDisk can usually piece together the file.

Hanging Around.

When it comes to file deletion, the important thing to realise is that the file isn’t actually removed from your hard drive. All that happens is that the files directory location is changed so that it points at the Recycle Bin instead. The data clusters for the file aren’t changed at all. You may think that this information is deleted when you empty the Recycle Bin, or when you bypass the Recycle Bin. But again, the actual data in the clusters is left intact, only this time the entry for the file in the FAT is updated so that those clusters are now free to be used and the first character of the file name is changed to reflect this.

A Quick Recovery.

Programs that can recover these files do so by searching through the FAT for entries that have been flagged, and also by scanning the hard drive for clusters that look like they may be files. The most basic of these programs used to be part of the Microsoft OS, namely the Undelete.exe, but since the introduction of the Recycle Bin, Microsoft has stopped supplying the program. There are loads of utilities out there that will perform a similar function under more recent versions of Windows.

toshiba laptop service

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—We are named as the best data recovery center in Chennai for providing the recovery services .Toshiba laptop service in Chennai is already having an eminent name in Chennai for providing the best recovery services.

We have 8 branches for you. We offer both online and physical service along with the flexible timings so as to ease the things for you.

Recovering data from a corrupt hard drive.

Introduction

You might be somewhat on edge as you walk out on – it slammed, driving you to play out a cool reboot. Perhaps the power went down, possibly you kicked the power link; whatever the reason, you could now confront a standout amongst the most heart-ceasing encounters your PC can offer: it doesn't perceive the hard drive. One you've watched that the hard drives are naturally identified in the BIOS, you're looked with the prickly issue of getting the majority of your information off the drive before having to re-segment it and re-introduce Windows.
Things may look pretty bleak, but you actually have a number of options. Your first is to use the Emergency Boot Disk. Slide this into your floppy drive and reboot; if you’re lucky you should be able to change directory to your hard drive. If you can see it this way, then it appears that your main drive’s Master Boot Record has been damaged – something that can be rectified by typing fdisk /mbr. Your data is safe as it is, although it’s a good idea to back up your data once you reload Windows.
There are a couple of reasons that you may have lost your MBR, and in the event that your framework didn't crash, quite possibly's an infection has contaminated your machine. Utilize the boot circle that accompanies your infection insurance program to give your framework a doctor's approval before proceeding.If you have a virus, it’s worth bearing in mind that all removable media that has come into contact with your machine has probably been infected, and this includes any backups you may have made. It’s a good idea to perform several scans of your system after you’ve discovered a virus to make sure that you don’t get infected again.

Partition Magic.

If you’ve been sensible enough to save your data files on to a separate partition, then don’t forget that you can access that data even if you can’t see the main drive.When you boot from the Startup plate, simply watch that the information parcel is obvious; except if you're utilizing some type of restrictive drive arrangement or pressure framework, you don't have to boot from your primary hard drive first. It's a smart thought to make a reinforcement of your most essential information, utilizing floppies if fundamental, while you research the reason for the parcel disappointment. It could be an issue that spreads later, so practice alert.
Solving your problem is a little more complicated if you can’t see any of your partitions, although all is not lost just yet. There are tools that can be used to recover data that has become inaccessible due to a hard-drive failure. For these tools to be useful, your drive needs to be mechanically operational, so the first thing to check is that your hard drive is rotating and that the problem is down to a power-supply problem (try the drive in another machine to make sure).You can tell whether a drive is turning up legitimately via cautiously holding the non-electronic side of the case as the drive boots up. You ought to have the capacity to get the inconspicuous vibrations as the platter turns.
On the off chance that you don't think the drive is turning up legitimately, or it's altogether more intense than ordinary, at that point the drive heads may have affected with the platters.Further use could cause more harm, particularly if the platter has been broken or twisted. You'll have to utilize an information recuperation expert, for example, Ontrack, to recoup the information. This is an expensive method for recuperating information, and is just monetarily suitable if the missing information would take weeks – if not months – to reproduce.

Tools of the Trade

When you're certain the drive isn't mechanically harmed, or the restrictive expense of expert recuperation abandons you with nothing to lose, you can begin seeing low-level utilities.These tools read the hard-drive’s contents beneath the normal file-system level, thus they don’t need a working MBR or FAT for you to be able to examine the hard drive.There are a large number of instruments out there that empower you to take a gander at your hard drive along these lines, with Norton Utilities presumably being the best known, and Ontrack's EasyRecovery being a standout amongst the most expert.

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—We are named as the best data recovery center in chennai for providing the recovery services . Data recovery hospital is already having an eminent name in Chennai for providing the best recovery services.

—We have 8 branches for you. We offer both online and physical service along with the flexible timings so as to ease the things for you.